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CALVIN EMMONS, 0F NEW YORK; N. Y.

PLANING-MACHINE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 5,648, dated June 27, 1848; Reissued May 21, 1850.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CALVIN EMMoNs, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Machinery for Planing, Tonguing, and Grooving Plank or Boards.

The nature of my invention consists in the construction, and combinations, of the several parts, as hereinafter described, and represented, in the drawings hereunto anneXed, the letters in the respect-ive figures referring to the same parts of the machine.

A, A, A, A, the frame for sustaining the operative parts; B, B, B, B, a lever frame, the two sides connected by suitable interties and rods, and suspended at the four corners, by the eye bolts, (shown by dotted lines,) a, a, and a', af; a rod passing through the eyes of the bolts o, a, and permanently secured to the frame, by passing through it at C, and serving as a fulcrum of the lever frame. A rod also passes through the eyes of said suspension bolts a', a', as also through an eye of each of the lower shanks of the two suspending yokes, one of which yokes, is shown at D, D, D, Figure 1, the top shank of which, passes through and is guided by the ga-llows frame E, E, E. F, F, slides bolted to the top rail of each of the two sides of the said lever-frame. G, G, a plane stock, with one, two, or more throats b, b, Fig. l, (which is a longitudinal section of the machine,) in form substantially like the throat of a common carpenters plane', and in which throats is secured, by bolts or otherwise, the planing knives c, c', with regulating screws at their backs to adjust the same to the face of the plane stockywhich is dressed or cut away in front of each knife a little lower than the face is, at the back of each knife; and in order to steady the plane stock (if found necessary,) on the face of the plank or boards, a roller may be attached to the back part of the plane stock, for running on the finished surface of the plank or board. The vertical flange of the plane stock, serves as a stifiening brace,

as also to throw the shavingsforward. The plane stock is secured to the slides F, F, on which it works, by suitable jaws and brasses, as shown at Fig. 4. To the arms of said plane stock, (which project each side of the frame of the machine,) is attached the connecting rods I-I, H, as shown in Figs. 2' and 3, the other ends of the connecting rods, taking hold of the crank pins (Z, cZ, in one of the arms of each of the fly, or crank wheels, I, I. Two eccentric, or cam wheels, are fastened ontol the shaft of the crank wheels each side of the machine, and a face View of one, being shown, at J, Fig. l, and which cam wheels are constructed as follows, viz: From e to f, is the segment of a true circle, the radii from the aXis to e and f, being equal, at f, commences the eccentricity of the wheel, the periphery of which begins at the point f, to recede from the true circle, (the true circle being shown by the dotted circle,) and thus gradually in creasing the radii of the wheel, until the periphery at g, is at its greatest distance from the axis, and from g, (passing around in the same direction,) the radii is diminished gradually, (but not as rapidly as it was increased,) until at e, the periphery is again at the true circle, the result of which arrangement in the configuration of the cam wheel, is as follows, viz: The lever frame B, B, &c., being suspended; one end from a fixed center or fulcrum, as shown at C, Fig. l, by the eye bolts a, a, and the other end of the lever frame, by the eye bolts a, a to the lower shanks of the yokes D, D, the bearing point t, of the yokes rests upon the periphery of the eccentric, or cam wheel, and the whole is so adjusted, that when the bearing points h, of cam yokes rests on the true circle of the cam wheel, from e, to f, the leverframe remains in a'horizontal position; but as the crank wheels and cams turn in the direction of the arrows, the eccentric, or more elevated parts of the pe-y riphery of the cam wheel, is successively brought under the bearing or` suspending points of the cam yokes, and thus elevating the yokes, and with them, that end of the lever frame, to which they are attached, and the degree of elevation, corresponding with the degree of eccentricity of the cam wheels, at the bearing points of the yokes and thus cause the lever frame to vibrate vertically, as the crank wheels revolve, it remaining at rest in a horizontal position during such portion only of each revolution; as while the true circles from c to f, of the cam wheels, are passing under the bearing points of the yokes. In place of the bearing points of the cam yokes, friction wheels may be substituted. K, K, a horizontal grated bed,

which supports the plank while being planed, and the upper'surface of which is such distance below the face of the plane stock, and the edge of the lowest planing knife, as shall correspond with the thickness to which the board or plank is to be reduced and planed; L, L, L, L, feeding rollers, with suitable levers and weights attached, for feeding the boards and plank through the machine, the plank being guided in a straight direction as they pass through the machine by suitable straight edges M, M, M.

The feeding rollers are driven by the band N, N which passes from the pulley O, to the pulley wheel O. On the opposite end of the shaft on which the pulley O is hung, is a pinion P, meshing into the spur wheel Q, on one of the lower feeding rollers, and from which, motion is communicated through the medium of the intermediate wheels R, S, and T, to the spur wheel U, (of the same size of the wheel Q) on the lower roller of the other pair of feeding rollers, the upper and lower rollers of each pair being geared together at their opposite ends. The motion of these feeding rollers to be adjusted so as to feed the plank forward, from one, to one and a half inches, to each stroke of the plane stock.

The result of the foregoing arrangement, when the machine is put in motion, is consequently, as follows, viz: The revolving of the crank wheels communicates, by the connecting rods H, H, a reciprocating motion, to the plane stock which runs upon, and is guided by the straight slides F, F, the length of the stroke in an ordinary sized machine is two feet, and the cam wheel is set so that itshighest point is vertical, and under the bearing point of the cam yoke, on the completion of each forward stroke of the plane stock. During the next half revolution of the crank wheels, the lever frame B B, &c., with the slides F, F, that guide the plane stock, gradually approach a horizontal position, and so nearly horizontal, on the completion of the back stroke of the plane stock, that the edges of the planing knives are but slightly elevated above the reduced and finished surface of the plank; the point z' of the cam wheels at that time, being under the bearing or suspending points of the cam yokes. As the crank wheels and cams continue to revolve, and on the completion of the first four inches of the forward stroke of the plane stock, the periphery of the cam wheels, from z', to e, has moved under the bearing points of the cam yokes, and the lever frame, with the slides, resumed a horizontal position, and conse` quently bring the edges of the planing knives down to a level with the reduced and planed surface of the plank. During the next two and a half inches of the forward stroke of the plane stock, the perfectly circular part of the cam wheels, viz, from e to f, passes under the bearing point of the cam yoke, and thus allowing during that time, the lever frame and slides to remain in a horizontal position and consequently that portion of the stroke of the plane stock and knives is horizontal and parallel with the upper surface of the grated bed, the planing knives having in the mean time, commenced and cut a thin shaving from the plank equal in length, to the advance of the feed of the plank during the preceding revolution of the crank wheels, and stroke of the plane stock, and thus finished that portion of the planed surface of the plank. As the crank wheels continue to revolve, carrying that part of the periphery of the cam wheels from f to g, successively under the suspending point of the cam yoke, that end of the lever frame is again elevated, and attaining its greatest degree of elevation, on the completion of the stroke as before described, the slides F, F, and plane stock being in the mean time, also elevated correspondingly with their relative position. The eccentricity of the cam wheel, should in an ordinary sized machine for floor plank, be sufficient to cause at least, about five eighths of an inch elevation of the plane stock, above the line of the reduced and planed surface of the plank on the completion of each forward stroke, in which case, the planing knives will be able to clear themselves from the shavings, and to reduce and cut away, all the surface of the plank that'projects above the gage thickness, to which it is required to be reduced, if not exceeding the highest elevation of the knives, on the completion of the stroke which is l?, of an inch above the gaged or finished face of the plank or board; the length of each shaving corresponding with the distance from the point where the planing knives commence cutting, to the point where they leave the unplaned surface ofthe plank, and which will vary according to the amount of reduction of this thickness required.

By the foregoing arrangement in the construction of the cam wheel; the lever frame and slides, as has been shown, are not permitted during the back stroke of the plane stock, to again approach a horizontal line, as rapidly as they were elevated from it, and consequently the planing knives during their back stroke, are kept elevated above and clear from any contact with the plank, and thus avoiding all contact with any grit that might dull the planing knives, they not being permitted, (as hereinbefore shown,) to come entirely down to the plank, until they have again advanced about four inches of the forward stroke.

It will be thus seen, that the motion of the plane stock and knives is analogous to that given to the common jack plane when planing gritty lumber, by the hand of the workman.

The plane stock is raised and depressed to accommodate for different thicknesses of boards and plank, by means of the small bevel wheels V, V, &c., which serve as nuts of the screw ends of each of the four sus pension eye bolts a, a, and a, a, and thus sustain the weight of the level` frame, which rests upon them, and being all connected by gearing as shown in Figs. 1-2, and 4, they are all turned simultaneously, by the socket wheel j, on the horizontal shaft lc, or otherwise, and thus elevating, or depressing thelever frame, with the slides and plane stock, without at all changing its horizontal position.

The tonguing and grooving of the plank is done by the tonguing and grooving planes W and X, which are fitted with one, two, or more sets of suitable cutters, which are secured in suitable throats by screws or otherwise, and fitted to stocks, with suitable jaws and brasses for running upon the slides Y'and Y, each side of the plank, the face of the tonguing plane stock is made to correspond with the tongued edge of the plank, and the face of the grooving plane, to correspond with the grooved edge of the plank, and which are driven by means of the arms Z, Z, that project from each of the tonguing and grooving plane stocks, up through suitable openings or slots (in which they traverse), in the back part of the surface plane stock, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

The slides Y and Y are made to vibrate horizontally at the same time, in the'same manner, and for the same purpose that the aforesaid lever frame does vertically, the motion of the said. lever frame being communicated to them by means and in the manner as follows, viz: m, m, m, m, are two levers inside the main lever frame, and suspended by the same rods passing through their ends that pass through the eye bolts a, a, and a a for suspending the main lever frame, and consequently these inside levers vibrate vertically with, and in the same manner as the main lever frame. These inside levers are connected by a crosstie n., n, Fig. 4, and to which is bolted a center plate o, in which are the slots p, p, into which slots project pins from the ends of each of the horizontal arms of the rock levers Z, Z', and which rock levers work on fulcrum pins at g, g, in the arms r, 7', that project down from the face plates s, s', which face plate s is properly secured to the crossbeam t, t, the other face plate is 'tted so as to slide on the cross beam, and held to its place by a nut secured to the back of the face plate, and through which nut passes the screw u.

The ends of the vert-ical arms of the rock levers Z, Z, project into mortises in the footi pieces fv, lv, which foot pieces are supported by suitable projections from the said face plates s, s, and the said foot pieces o, o, being secured to the underside of the slides Y, Y", thus transmit from :the vertical vibration of the said levers, a horizontal vibrat-ion to the slides Y, Y, upon which the tonguing and groo-ving plane stocks run, and. thus transmitting to the tonguing and grooving planes, a horizontal motion, analogous to the vertical motion of the surface plane, the vibratory or traverse motions of the tonguing and grooving planes being about one third greater 4than the vert-ical vibrations of the surface plane, by reason of the vertical arms of the rock levers Z, Z, being about one-third longer than their horizontal arms. The tonguing and grooving plane slides Y and Y', work on the fulcrums w, fw, and are so adjusted that they are parallel with each other and with the length of the plank whilel they remain stationary during the passage of the true circle e, f, of the cam wheels under the bearing points of the cam yokes, the whole of their. vibrations from the parallel, being outward from the edges of the plank, and consequently all that portion of each stroke of the tonguing and grooving planes that finishes a portion of the tongue and groove, equal in length to the advance of the plank, is in a right line with the length .of the plank.

To accommodate for tonguing and grooving of different widths of boards and plank, the slide upon which the tonguing plane runs is adjusted at any required distance from the grooving plane slide in manner as follows, viz: The face plate to which the tonguing plane slide is connected by the rock lever Z, is caused to move backward and forward across the machine, by turning the screw u, and which screw is connected by gearing with the screw w, and to a nut on which screw is secured the fulcrum fw, of the tonguing plane slide and consequently as both screws move simultaneously, both ends of the slide are simultaneously moved nearer to or further from, the grooving plane slide, without changing the parallelism of the two slides; and for the purpose of providing a support for plank of different widths, at a uniform distance from the tonguing and grooving planes, the grated bed is made to contract and expand by means of one end of the outer bar of the bed being connected with the .nut of the said screw u, by a projection from the face plate s, and the other end being connected with the nut that moves A outer bar is pressed inwardly, and the springs causing the bed to expand, asy the said outer bar of the bed is carried outwardly. y, driving pulley.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination of the lever frame B, B, B, B, cani wheel J, and plane stock G, substantially in the manner described by means of which combination and the configuration of the cam Wheels substantially as specified and the plane stock which is made to move in a different and lo-wer line during its forward stroke, than during its backward stroke in the manner` and for the purposes described.

2. The combination and arrangement of the tonguing and grooving planes W and X [Fms'r PRINTED 1913.] 

